Jammu Kashmir

India’s northernmost and sixth-largest state, Jammu and Kashmir (usually shortened to J&K) is one of its most mountainous and staggeringly beautiful. It also encapsulates the cultural and religious diversity of the Subcontinent by falling into three distinct regions. 

The southwestern corner of its sprawling expanse is the Hindu-majority area around the winter capital of Jammu. Directly to the north across the first range of the Himalayas is the almost exclusively Muslim Kashmir, as infamous for its ongoing political woes as it is renowned for its enchanting beauty. Finally, to the northeast, hugging the disputed borders with both Pakistan and China, the remote and rugged region of Ladakh, which occupies nearly seventy percent of the state according to its de facto borders, is populated mostly by adherents of Tibetan Buddhism.

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1. According to the history of Jammu & Kashmir, Maharaja Hari Singh was the last ruling Maharaja of the princely state.
2. Srinagar was founded by Emperor Ashoka and not the Mughal emperor Jahangir.
3. Kashmir’s cultural heritage flourished with the contribution of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam.
4. The syncretic culture of Kashmir is best encapsulated by the word Kashmiriyat, which described the cultural values of the Kashmiri people.
5. Shikara stays are a unique experience highly recommended and usually included in good Kashmir packages.
6. The Pir Panjal railway tunnel, or the Banihal railway tunnel, is India’s Longest Railway Tunnel. It is 11,215 km long, 8.4m wide and 7.39m tall. Banihal railway tunnel is India’s longest and Asia’s fourth longest railway tunnel.
7. The traditional Kashmiri dress, Pheran, the unique copper kettles called Samovar, the earthen fire pots wrapped in woven wicker called Kangiri, handcrafted walnut furniture and souvenirs, etc. are some uncommon things to check out.
8. The seasons in Jammu and Kashmir are spring, summer, autumn and winter.
9. Srinagar, in Kashmir Valley, has served as the summer capital, while Jammu has served as the winter capital.
10. The best destinations for Kashmir tourism is Srinagar, Gulmarg, Sonamarg and Pahalgam.
11. Kalhana, the first Indian history writer, gave a vivid account of the history of Kashmir before the 10th century AD.
12. Because of Jammu and Kashmir’s wide range of elevations, its biogeography is diverse.
13. The Jhelum River is the only major Himalayan river which flows through the Kashmir valley.
14. In Jammu and Kashmir, the principal spoken languages are Kashmiri, Urdu, Dogri, Pahari, Balti, Ladakhi, Gojri, Shina and Pashto.
15. Kawa, traditional green tea with spices and almond, is consumed all through the day in Kashmir. Apart from Kawa or Kehwa, Sheer Chai or Gulabi Chai is the traditional beverage of Kashmir. It is pink in colour and salty in taste.
16. Amarnath Cave in Jammu and Kashmir has natural Shiv Lingam made of ice which is over 5000 years old and is a prominent Hindu pilgrimage destination. According to a popular legend, Amarnath cave was discovered by a Muslim shepherd, Buta Malik.
17. Dras is the coldest inhabited place in India with temperatures reaching as low as -45°C. Dras is the second coldest inhabited place on earth.
18. The ruins of Martand Sun Temple is located in Kashmir. It was built around the 8th century CE.
19. India’s first floating post office was built on a houseboat at the western edge of Dal Lake in Srinagar.
20. Houseboats first appeared in the 1800’s in Dal Lake by Pandit Naraindas to house English visitors.

J&K’s harshest climate is in Ladakh, with passes into the region open only between late June and late October, when the sun is at its strongest and the weather, at least during the day, pleasantly warm. Although it is officially a high-altitude desert, recent years have seen increasing bouts of rain in July and August, sometimes making trekking difficult. From November onwards, temperatures drop fast, often plummeting to minus 40°C between December and February, when the only way in and out of Zanskar is along the frozen surface of the river. Note that nearly all hotels and guesthouses are closed from some time in October until April, while many garden restaurants only open in the peak summer months. Kashmir is at its best (though also at its busiest and most expensive) during late March and mid-May, when spring flowers abound, and from September to early November, with its golden days and chillier nights. Although the region’s climate is less harsh than Ladakh and the road up from Jammu kept open by the army, the winter months see some seriously subzero temperatures and heaps of snow. By contrast, as much of the Kashmir Valley (including Srinagar itself) is well under 2000m in altitude, high summer can be surprisingly hot, sometimes topping 35°C. It can also get quite wet in July and August. Sitting at the top of the plains, the Jammu area can be visited at any time of year, though it can get extremely hot and humid between April and August and rather cold and foggy in the middle of winter.
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1. Vaishno Devi Mandir. 2. Dal Lake. 3. Pangong Tso. 4. Indira Gandhi Tulip Garden. 5. Sonamarg. 6. Nathatop. 7. Shankaracharya Hill. 8. Gulmarg Gondola. 9. Bahu Fort. 10. Bhairo Baba Temple. 11. Apharwat Peak. 12. Amarnath Cave. 13. Aru Valley. 14. Jhelum River. 15. Nishat Garden. 16. Nigeen Lake.

An art and craft lover must spend a day to shop for authentic goods in Kashmir. Here, we have listed the best shopping places in Kashmir that include textiles, tea, spices, and handicraft

Sarnal Payeen Anantnag Kashmir: For Metal Crafts
Heritage: For Traditional Wear
Ahmad Complex: For Kashmiri Jewelry
Shri Kedarnath Shop: For Sandalwood And Metals
Royal Kashmir: For Dry Fruits
Pick N Choose: For Tea Products Things To Buy In Kashmir
From crispy dry fruits to warm Pashmina shawls, Kashmir has a lot of things that all shopaholics can shop for. Here is a list of the best things to buy in Kashmir.
Pashmina Shawls & Blankets
Carpets
Traditional Jewelry
Dress Material
Paper Mache Products
Wooden Objects
Silverware Item
Fruits And Dry Fruits

Tourist locations are subject to special regulations, allowing longer opening hours. Shops in stations and airports are open during travelling times (often until 11pm).

HIGH STREETS
Renowned high streets include:
in Vienna: Kärntner Straße, Mariahilfer Straße
in Graz: Herrengasse, Annenstraße
in Linz: Landstraße und Umgebung, Taubenmarkt
in Salzburg: Getreidegasse, Linzergasse
in Innsbruck: Maria-Theresien-Straße
in Klagenfurt: Alter Platz
in Bregenz: Kaiserstraße, Kornmarktplatz
in Eisenstadt: Hauptstraße
in St. Pölten: Kremser Gasse
The longest shopping streets

MARKETS
Take time for a trip to the markets: the colourful bounty and international flair of Vienna's Naschmarkt, the regional delicacies of the farmers' markets or the buzz of the ever increasing number of the flea markets and jumble sales - you can be sure to pick up a bargain! The Christmas Markets, open during advent, are especially beautiful with their stands filled with Christmas decorations, gingerbread and artwork.

POPULAR SOUVENIRS
Austrian artwork and handicraft is highly sought after. Choose from:
Traditional clothing and accessories (Trachten)
Loden textiles from Salzburg and Tyrol
Crochet from Vorarlberg
Ceramic and porcelain (Augarten handicraft in Vienna, Gmundner ceramics, pottery from Stoob/Burgenland)
Glass and crystal (e.g. Swarovski/Tyrol)
Wood carvings and much more.
Or take home a culinary souvenir - pumpkin seed oil and schilcher wine from Styria, genuine Salzburg Mozart Balls, world-famous Viennese Sachertorte (chocolate cake), Zauner stollen from Bad Ischl, fine wines from Burgenland and Lower Austria, or schnapps and brandy.

VALUE ADDED TAX - REIMBURSEMENT
Tourists resident outside the EU are entitled to reclaim the VAT on purchases over EUR 75. A form must be completed in the shop where the goods are purchased, the goods must be taken out of the EU within 3 months of the purchase date and they must be stamped by a customs officer upon leaving the EU.


The voucher with which VAT is refunded upon leaving the EU is available in all shops with the signs "Global Blue TAX FREE SHOPPING" or "Premier TAX FREE".
 

1. Rogan Josh
2. Modur Pulav
3. Matschgand
4. Yakhni or Yoghurt Lamb Curry
5. Dum Olav
6. Kashmiri Muji Gaad
7. Aab Gosht
8. Goshtaba
9. Lyodur Tschaman
10. Momos
11. Thukpa
12. Skyu
13. Khambir
14. Herbal Tea
15. Paba
16. Thenthuk
17. Butter Tea